The amount of genetic variation in populations is commonly measured by two parameters –

1. The proportion of polymorphic loci

2. The expected heterozygosity is the proportion

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3998

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

One approach is to measure the effect of nicking the DNA. Unconstrained supercoils are released by nicking, whereas constrained supercoils are unaffected. Nicking releases -50% of the overall supercoiling.

Another approach uses the crosslinking reagent psoralen, which binds more readily to DNA when it is under torsional tension. The reaction of psoralen with E. coli DNA in vivo corresponds to an average density of 1 negative super helical turn/200 bp (sigma = -0.05).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3999

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Interphase chromatin remain attached to nuclear wall proteins via matrix attachment regions (MARs) or matrix attachment DNA sequences.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4000

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

(MARs) also called scaffold attachment regions (SARs), or S/MARs in case of metaphase chromosome as the same sequences appear to attach to the protein substructure in both metaphase and interphase cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4002

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

If histones are depleted from a metaphase chromosome and viewed under a transmission electron microscope shows SCAFFOLD. Which is almost 8% of wt

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4003

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Full relaxation of the supercoils requires 1 nick/85 kb, thus identifying the average length of “closed” DNA. This region could comprise a loop or domain similar in nature to those identified in the bacterial genome called as metaphase scaffold.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4004

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

S/MARs is a DNA sequence which is generally located between H1 and H3 binding sites.