Incomplete lineage sorting (hemiplasy)

If you make a phylogenetic tree of how the alleles are related to each other, it does not mirror how the species split apart.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3492

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

In somatic embryogenesis, a somatic embryo (SE) is derived from a somatic cell, other than zygote.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3494

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Artificial seeds are produced by encapsulating somatic embryos in calcium alginate gel.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3495

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Chromosome doubling of haploid plants produced by anther culture generates homozygous lines.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3497

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Haploid plants can be produced in large numbers by anther and ovary cultures and from interspecific crosses.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3498

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

In protoplast fusion, protoplasts of desired strains/species are mixed in almost equal proportion by PEG induced, electrofusion and high pH-high Ca²⁺ treatments.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3499

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Release of phenolic compounds from the cut surfaces of explants causes browning of tissue culture medium.