Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate are sugar phosphates (SugP) inhibits carbamoylation by binding tightly to the active site and locking the enzyme in the “closed” confirmation.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PDK1 can phosphorylate PKB on a critical threonine residue in its activation loop

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation by the mTORC2 kinase complex, of a second serine on

PKB that is not in the activation loop is necessary for maximal PKB activity

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated PKB directly phosphorylates and inactivates a protein Bad

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated PKB also promotes survival of many cultured cells by phosphorylating the Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a on multiple serine and threonine residues.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The cytosolic phosphoserine binding protein 14-3-3 then binds to phosphorylated FOXO3a and sequesters it in the cytosol.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A FOXO3a mutant in which the three serine residues that are targets for PKB are mutated to alanines is constitutively active