Ligand binding depends on: 

Multiple weak, noncovalent forces

Molecular complementarity

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#Id: 6149

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, Cernunnos-XLF, and DNA ligase IV. Ku70 and Ku80 are the most fundamental components of NHEJ. 

They constitute a heterodimer that binds to the DNA ends and recruits DNA-PKcs, which is a protein kinase. DNA-PKcs, in turn, forms a complex with Artemis. Artemis is both a 5’-to-3’ exonuclease and a latent endonuclease that is activated by phosphorylation by DNA-PKcs. 

These nucleolytic activities process the broken ends and prepare them for ligation. Ligase IV performs ligation in a complex with XRCC4 and Cernunnos-XLF.

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#Id: 2120

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Chromosome inversion, in which a chromosome segment is inverted—turned 180 degrees.

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#Id: 3149

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Inspiratory capacity maximum amount of air inspired from the end-expiratory level

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#Id: 2038

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Prophage - Phage genome that is integrated into a bacterial chromosome.

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#Id: 1226

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Vitamin D and PTH appear to stimulate production of mature osteoclasts through the dual action:

 1. Inhibiting OPG production

2. Stimulating RANKL formation