Ne = Male + Female  (when both are equal)

Ne = 4 × n(male) × n(female)/n(male)+n(female) 

(When both unequal Ne is smaller than then sum of both)

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#Id: 2095

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In heterozygotes DUPLICATIONS- The pairing and synapsis of homologous regions require that one or both chromosomes loop and twist. 

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#Id: 5708

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Kallmann syndrome

the combination of hypogonadism due to low levels of circulating gonadotropins (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) with partial or complete loss of the sense of smell ( hyposmia or anosmia )

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3302

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In actively respiring mitochondria, 0.1% to as much as 4% of the O2 used in respiration forms •O2^2- — more than enough to have lethal effects unless the free radical is quickly disposed of.

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#Id: 1772

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

CTLA-4 bind to CD80/86 and inhibits T-cell.

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#Id: 6800

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

the RNA guide strand recruits RISC to a target RNA. It has been argued that the length of 22 nucleotides is just long enough to specify a single target sequence uniquely in the large genomes of complex eukaryotes using RNA–RNA base pairing.