Sos is a GEF that catalyzes conversion of inactive GDP bound Ras to the active GTP-bound form.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Smooth muscle cells and nonmuscle cells are regulated by:

Norepinephrine, angiotensin, endothelin, histamine

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The principal estrogen secreted by the ovaries is β-estradiol

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Buildup of a acidic thylakoid ΔpH in the presence of excess light resulting the thylakoid lumen activates an enzyme (violaxanthin de‐epoxidase) that converts violaxanthin into zeaxanthin

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Duration of denaturation step in the first cycle of PCR is usually 2 min at 94 °C.