In Arabidopsis, a calmodulin-binding transcriptional

regulator called IQD1 mediates of defense responses against insect herbivory. IQD1 binds calmodulin, a major Ca2+-binding protein

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The replicon model proposed two components that controlled the initiation of replication: the replicator and the initiator. The replicator is defined as the cis-acting DNA sequences that are sufficient to direct the initiation of DNA replication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5036

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The second component of the replicon model is the initiator protein.

This protein specifically recognizes a DNA element in the replicator and activates the initiation of replication

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

AT base pairs called the DNA unwinding element (DUE).

IHF (integration host factor) and FIS (factor for inversion stimulation). These two proteins were discovered as required components of certain recombination reactions.

Another DNA-binding protein, HU (a histone like bacterial protein originally dubbed factor U), also participates but does not have a specific binding site.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5040

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The single replicator 245 bp required for E. coli chromosomal replication is called oriC. Two repeated motifs are critical for oriC function.

The 9-mer motif is the binding site for the E. coli initiator, DnaA, and is repeated five times at oriC.

The 13-mer motif, repeated three times, is the initial site of ssDNA formation during initiation.