Phytochrome responses fall into three major categories based on the amount of light they require: very low fluence responses (VLFRs), low-fluence responses (LFRs), and high-irradiance responses (HIRs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8265

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Molecules that have induced dipoles may also induce neighbouring molecules to have dipole moments, so a large network of induced dipole-induced dipole interactions may exist.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8266

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Potential energy of an induced dipole-induced dipole interaction depends on first ionization energy of atom creating permanent dipole.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8267

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8268

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Van der Waals interactions involve instantaneous dipoles and induced dipoles that arise because of fluctuations in the electron charge distributions of adjacent nonbonded atoms.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8269

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Nitrogenous Base pairs & aromatic amino acids stack together through pi, pi-electronic interactions. These stacking interactions are best example of VWI.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8270

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology