Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1541

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Kinesin-13 (End-Binding Proteins)

• Bind and curve the end of the tubulin protofilaments into the GDP-β-tubulin conformation

• Facilitate the removal of terminal tubulin dimers 

• Greatly enhancing the frequency of catastrophes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1542

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Op18/stathmin (End-Binding Proteins) binds selectively to curved protofilaments and enhances terminal tubulin heterodimer dissociation from a microtubule end. 

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1543

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Stathmin decreases the effective concentration of tubulin subunits that are available for polymerization (an action analogous to the drug colchicine) and enhances that a growing microtubule will switch to the shrinking state.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1544

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Phosphorylation of stathmin inhibits its binding to tubulin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1545

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Katanin promotes breakage by extracting tubulin subunits from the wall of the microtubule (also releases microtubules from MTOCs). 

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1546

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Plectin links microtubules to intermediate filaments.