Nonenzymatic proteins whose exact functions are uncertain. Such proteins may be localized in the walls of specific cell types or more widespread

cell wall protein                                                                   Tissue localization

      A) HRGP (hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein)              i) Xylem, fibers, cortex, root hairs

      B) AGP (arabinogalactan protein) ii) Primary xylem and phloem

     C) PRP (proline-rich protein)                                          iii) Cambium, vascular parenchyma

     D) GRP (glycine-rich protein)                                  iv) Varied cell-specific expression

Which of the following combinations of nonenzymatic protein with its correct location?

#Question id: 7241

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

If planaria are irradiated at a dosage that destroys nearly all neoblasts. Transplanting a single clonogenic neoblast in this planaria results:

#Question id: 7242

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The cells of  posterior marginal zone act as the equivalent of the amphibian Nieuwkoop center because:

A. once the PMZ has formed, it controls the other regions of the margin.

B. Cells of PMZ initiate other regions of the margin from forming their own primitive streaks.

C. the entire marginal zone produces Wnt8c (capable of inducing the accumulation of -catenin) and secrete Vg1, a member of the TGF-family.

D. The PMZ cells secretes nodal protein and Nodal activity is needed to initiate the primitive streak.

E. When placed in the anterior region of the marginal zone, a graft of PMZ tissue (posterior to and including Koller’s sickle) is able to induce wnt signaling.

Which of the following option is correct?

#Question id: 7243

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Match the following:

#Question id: 7244

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following statements are regarding to the evolutionary conservation of homeotic gene organization and transcriptional expression in fruit flies and mice.

A. In fruit flies and mice genes with similar structures occupy the same relative positions on each of the four chromosomes, and paralogous gene groups display similar expression patterns.

B. Hom-C cluster on Drosophila chromosome 3 and the four Hox gene clusters in the mouse genome are similar and evolutionary conserved.

C. Those mammalian genes homologous to the Drosophila labial, proboscipedia, and deformed genes are expressed anteriorly and early, whereas those genes homologous to the Drosophila AbdB gene are expressed posteriorly and later.

D. In fruit flies and mice genes are orthologous Hox gene groups.

E. Those mammalian genes homologous to the Drosophila labial, proboscipedia, and deformed genes are expressed posteriorly and later, whereas those genes homologous to the Drosophila AbdB gene are expressed anteriorly and early.

Which of the following combination is correct?

#Question id: 7245

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Gradients of Wnt are essential for normal regeneration of a head and a tail by planaria. Which one of the following statement is incorrect?

#Question id: 7246

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Treatment of Xenopus embryos with lithium dorsalizes the embryos by interfering with cell-cell signaling pathways. What, if anything, is the effect of lithium on hydra, and what might we infer about its mechanism of action?