Following statements are regarding to metastasis (using breast carcinoma cells as an example).

A. Cancer cells leave the main tumor and attack the basement membrane, using extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers to reach the blood vessels.

B. The cancer cells can be attracted by signals such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), which can be secreted by macrophages.

C. At the blood vessels they penetrate the layer of endothelial cells that forms the vessel walls and enter the bloodstream.

D. Carcinoma cells penetrate the extracellular matrix and blood vessel wall by extending “invadopodia,” which produce matrix metalloproteases and other proteases to open up a path.

Which of the following statement shows process of angiogenesis?

#Question id: 3561

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

During which phase of meiosis does independent assortment occur?

#Question id: 3562

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In cats, blood-type A results from an allele (IA) that is dominant over an allele (iB) that produces blood-type B. There is no O blood type. Two heterozygous was intercross. What is the probability of first offspring blood-type B?

#Question id: 3563

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Independent assortment is based on the random separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes in anaphase I of meiosis; it takes place when genes encoding two characters are located

#Question id: 3564

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Population locus with four alleles. How many genotypes are present in the population?

#Question id: 3565

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6,022 yellow and 2,001 green. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship of the allele for green seeds to the allele for yellow seeds?

#Question id: 3566

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Two organisms, with genotypes BbDD and BBDd, are mated. Assuming independent assortment of the B/b and D/d genes, determine the genotypic ratios in offspring that would occur.