The cadherin catenin complex is extremely important during compaction from a morula to the blastula. Transition of early embryonic cells into a blastula differed depending on the presence or absence of calcium ions. In addition, an investigator blocked the expression of β-catenin using vivo morpholinos to detect its effect simultaneously on compaction. Which one of the following conditions will lead to the most successful transition of the morula into the blastula?

#Question id: 10920

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The pressure-flow model, first proposed by Ernst Münch, Phloem loading at the source and phloem unloading at the sink establish the pressure gradient.

a.) In source tissues, an accumulation of sugars in the sieve elements generates a lower or negative solute potential (ψs).

 b.) source tissue, causes a steep drop in the water potential (ψ), due to water potential gradient, water enters the sieve elements and causes turgor pressure (ψp ) decrease.

c.) In sink tissues, phloem unloading leads to a lower sugar concentration in the sieve elements, generating a higher or less negative solute potential.

d.) As the water potential of the phloem rises above that of the xylem, water tends to leave the phloem in response to the water potential gradient, causing a decrease in turgor pressure in the sieve elements of the sink.

Which of the following statements of sink and source tissue is FALSE?

#Question id: 10921

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The mechanism of phloem translocation in angiosperms is best explained by which method?

#Question id: 10922

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The non-reducing sugar sucrose is most commonly translocated in the phloem rather than reducing sugar. Why?

 a.) because they are less reactive than their reducing counterparts

 b.) because sucrose contains more energy than a monosaccharides

 c.) because the ketone or aldehyde group is reduced to an alcohol or combined with a similar group on another sugar so as not to be oxidized

 Which one of the following statements is true about translocation of non-reducing sugar?

#Question id: 10923

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In the modification of translocation pathways, Interference with a translocation pathway by wounding or pruning can alter the patterns established by proximity and vascular connections. In the absence of direct connections between source and sink, vascular interconnections, called

#Question id: 10924

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Due to damage exudation of sap from cut petioles or stems takes place they can be collected. However, quantities of collected sap are small, and the method is technically difficult. A preferable approach for collecting exuded sap is to use an

#Question id: 10925

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

During the second trimester of pregnancy, where is the predominant site of red blood cell production?