TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7103


Patterning of the Xenopus mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis involves an antagonistic relationship between chordin and BMP-4. Is there an analogy here to dorso-ventral patterning in the Drosophila embryo?

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
  1. Yes, the Drosophila homolog of BMP-4, Decapentaplegic (Dpp), is antagonized by the Drosophila homolog of chordin, short gastrulation (Sog), in patterning of the dorso-ventral axis.
  2. Yes, Drosophila also uses BMP-4 to specify ventral fates and chordin to specify dorsal fates.
  3. Yes, the Drosophila Dorsal protein is identical to the vertebrate BMP-4 protein, and specifies the ventral region of the embryo.
  4. No. the closest analogy from Drosophila would be the antagonism between Hunchback and Nanos, but neither of those are signalling molecules, and they act to pattern the antero-posterior axis.
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 732

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Ramachandran plots can help increase the accuracy of models derived from x-ray crystallography data. The plot below was created by measuring phi, and psi for each amino acid residue in a 2.2 A resolution crystal structure. In the plot, which excludes Gly and Pro residues, selected residues (dots) are numbered 1 through 5.

Which of the following statements can be correctly stated for this plot in reference to selected residues?

A. Residues 1 and 3 are in either B sheets

B. residue 2 is in a right-handed a helix, and residue 4 is in a left-handed a helix.

C. If residue 5 were Gly, it might be in an acceptable position in the plot

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 733

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which one of the statements on protein conformation, detailed below is INCORRECT?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 734

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the following statements is true for two different tripeptides consisting of either glycine or proline?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 735

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The a-keratin chains indicated by the diagram below have undergone one chemical step. To alter the shape of the a-keratin chains—as in hair waving—what subsequent steps are required?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 736

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The most important contribution to the stability of a protein’s conformation appears to be the:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 737

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which structure below indicates the proper hydrogen-bonding pattern between amino acids in an α-helix? (Dashed lines represent the hydrogen bonds.)