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TLS Online TPP Program
#Question id: 2554
#Unit 2. Cellular Organization
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + i to ATP?
TLS Online TPP Program
#Question id: 19079
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Pathogen evades plant by penetration of surface layers directly using mechanical pressure or enzymatic attack, some pass through natural openings, such as stomata or lenticels, and others only enter through wounded tissue. Once inside the plant, one of three main attack strategies is deployed specific feature of interaction given;
A) Necrotrophy
B) Biotrophy
C) Hemibiotrophy
i) where the plant cells remain alive throughout infection
ii) where the plant cells are killed in advance of infection
iii) extensive plant tissue damage at initial stages
iv) where the pathogen initially keeps cells alive but at later stages of the infection, kills them
Match the following
TLS Online TPP Program
#Question id: 24541
#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms
Phylogenetic trees represent hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms, these relationship based on which character?
TLS Online TPP Program
#Question id: 5553
#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
The notochord is a ___ structure in vertebrate embryos that lies under the ___, and is bordered by ___.
TLS Online TPP Program
#Question id: 13094
#Unit 13. Methods in Biology
You are studying a specific gene in yeast, and you want to express that yeast gene in E. coli. Your task is to design a strategy to insert the yeast gene into the bacterial plasmid. Below is a map of the area of the yeast genome surrounding the gene in which you are interested.
The distance between each tick mark placed on the line above is 100 bases in length
Below are the enzymes you can use, with their specific cut sites shown 5’-XXXXXX-3’ 3’-XXXXXX-5’
The plasmid is 5,000 bases long and the two farthest restriction enzyme sites are 200 bases apart. The plasmid has an ampicillin resistance gene somewhere on the plasmid distal from the restriction cut sites.
You transform your ligation planned in which two restriction enzymes would you use to design a way to get the insert into the vector if you had to use two enzymes simultaneously, into bacteria and plate the bacteria on Petri plates containing ampicillin. (You actually transform six different ligation mixtures, which are described below, into six different populations of cells, and plate each transformation onto a different plate, because you want to do all of the correct controls.) The next day you come in to lab to look at how many colonies of bacteria are on each plate. You are really excited, because the number of colonies you see on each plate tells you that the entire procedure worked! Which of the three following patterns of number of colonies did you see in order to conclude that you had a successful transformation?
In this table, DV = digested vector. DYG = digested yeast genome.
a) Pattern-1, DV only + Ligase→No colonies b/c you have digested with 2 different restriction enzymes that can’t ligate together
b) Pattern-2, DYG only + Ligase→ No colonies because all you transformed is the digested, linear yeast DNA.
c) Pattern-3, Water + Ligase→ No plasmid with the ampicillin resistance gene (or any DNA) was transformed into the bacteria and so it won’t grow in the presence of ampicillin.
d)Pattern-3, DV + DYG + Ligase→Colonies. The plasmid and yeast gene can ligate together to form a functional plasmid that will express the ampicillin resistance gene.
e) Pattern-1 and 2 only, DV + DYG (No Ligase) →No colonies because, although you have both digested plasmid and a digested yeast gene with complementary sticky ends
Which of the following statements about these ligations and their pattern is correct?