Use the following information to answer the question. Paulinella chromatophora is one of the few cercozoans that is autotrophic, carrying out aerobic photosynthesis with its two elongated "chromatophores." The chromatophores are contained within vesicles of the host cell, and each is derived from a cyanobacterium, though not the same type of cyanobacterium that gave rise to the chloroplasts of algae and plants. A crucial photosynthetic gene of the cyanobacterium that gave rise to the chromatophore is called psaE. This gene is present in the nuclear genome of the cercozoan, but is not in the genome of the chromatophore. This is evidence of ________.

#Question id: 4541

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mig1 recruits a “repressing complex” containing the Tup1 protein. This complex is recruited by many yeast DNA-binding proteins that repress transcription, including the alpha2 protein involved in controlling the mating-type specific. Tup1 also has counterparts in mammalian cells, choose correct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the repressing effect of Tup1.

I-Tup1 acts on nucleosomes either through recruiting histone deacetylases and/or by positioning a nucleosome at or near the transcription start site.

II-Tup1 interacts directly with the transcriptional machinery at the promoter and inhibits initiation.

#Question id: 4542

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Repression of the GAL1 gene in yeast by Mig1, in the presence of glucose follows those steps;

I- Deacetylation of local nucleosomes

II-Recruiting the Tup1 repressing complex

III- Mig1 represses expression of GAL1

IV- Mig1 binds a site between the UASG and the GAL1 promoter

#Question id: 4543

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Control of the activator NtrC- In that case, the signal (low ammonia levels) induces a kinase that phosphorylates NtrC. This is type of

A. Indirect signaling

B. Direct signaling

C. Is an example of a signal transduction pathway

#Question id: 4544

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

How is the binding of ligand to the extracellular domain communicated to the intracellular domain?

#Question id: 4545

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Through which signal transduction pathway- controls the activators such as Jun, one of the activators that works at the interferon-beta enhancer

#Question id: 4546

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In eukaryotes, transcriptional regulators are not typically controlled at the level of DNA binding (although there are exceptions). Regulators are instead usually controlled in one of the following two basic ways.

I. Unmasking an Activating Region

II. Transport into and out of the Nucleus

III. Mediated through proteolysis of an inhibitor or tethering region or by allosteric changes.

IV. Also is itself (or recruits) a deacetylase,