In light reaction, the funneling of excitation from the antenna system toward the reaction centre has been shown,

a.) The excited-state energy of pigments increases with distance from the reaction centre; that is, pigments closer to the reaction centre are lower in energy than those farther from the reaction centre

b.) The energy gradient ensures that excitation transfer toward the reaction centre is energetically favorable and that excitation transfer back out to the peripheral portions of the antenna is energetically unfavourable

c.) Some energy is lost as heat to the environment by this process, but under optimal conditions almost all the excitation energy absorbed in the antenna complexes can be delivered to the reaction centre

d.) The excited-state energy of  pigments decreases with distance from the reaction centre

Which of the following above combination is true?

#Question id: 3275

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (that is, other than a 50:50 ratio), the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents than do the offspring of the majority sex. This is most clearly an example of ________.

#Question id: 3276

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?

Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.

Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.

Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.

#Question id: 3277

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which of the following describes the most likely order of events in allopatric speciation?

#Question id: 3278

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?

#Question id: 3279

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which two of the following have operated to increase divergence between mosquito fish populations on island?

a. improved gene flow

b. bottleneck effect

c. sexual selection

d. founder effect

e. natural selection

#Question id: 3280

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Small populations are threatened by the loss of genetic diversity from

a. Inbreeding

b. Genetic drift

c. Limited mating