In light reaction, the funneling of excitation from the antenna system toward the reaction centre has been shown,

a.) The excited-state energy of pigments increases with distance from the reaction centre; that is, pigments closer to the reaction centre are lower in energy than those farther from the reaction centre

b.) The energy gradient ensures that excitation transfer toward the reaction centre is energetically favorable and that excitation transfer back out to the peripheral portions of the antenna is energetically unfavourable

c.) Some energy is lost as heat to the environment by this process, but under optimal conditions almost all the excitation energy absorbed in the antenna complexes can be delivered to the reaction centre

d.) The excited-state energy of  pigments decreases with distance from the reaction centre

Which of the following above combination is true?

#Question id: 10523

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Conifer resin ducts, which are found in the cortex and phloem, contain a mixture of diverse terpenoids, which are released immediately upon damage by herbivores such as;

a) monocyclic terpenes like- limonene and terpinolene

b) bicyclic monoterpenes- α-pinene and β-pinene

c) tricyclic sesquiterpenes- longifolene, caryophyllene, and δ-cadinene

d) tetracyclic terpenes- longifolene, tetra-terpinolene terpenoids are incorrect?

#Question id: 10524

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Members of the Poaceae family, which includes all of the cereal crops, use benzoxazinoids, these alkaloids shows;

a) Alkaloids are derived from the tryptophan as constitutively produced defensive secondary metabolites

b) These benzoxazinoids such as DIBOA and its derivative DIMBOA are usually stored in the peroxisome

c) Upon damage, the inactive glycosides are hydrolyzed, generating glucosinolate, which are toxic not only to insect herbivores but also against pathogens

d) DIBOA and DIMBOA perform insecticidal and pesticidal activities

e) It can be inactivated by hydroxylation and N-glycosylation reactions

Which of the following combination is correct about benzoxazinoids alkaloids?

#Question id: 10525

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The major cyanogenic glycoside in_____i______ is _____ii______.

a) i-sorghum, ii-Amygdalin

b) i-sorghum, ii-dhurrin

c) i-Cassava, ii-lotaustralin

d) i-Cassava, ii-linamarin

Which one is incorrect combination of cyanogenic glycoside?

#Question id: 10526

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

What is elicitors? Which one is not belongs to the elicitor responses

#Question id: 10527

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Based on their feeding behaviors, three major types of insect herbivores can be distinguished, which evades the constitutive defense;

A) Phloem feeders                                                                    i) caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles

B) Cell-content feeders                                                            ii) aphids and whiteflies

C) Chewing insects                                                                    iii) mites and thrips

Correctly match the feeding behaviour with its insects;

#Question id: 10528

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The insect ingests plant tissue containing the fatty acids, an enzyme in the gut conjugates the plant-derived fatty acid to an insect-derived amino acid typically;