which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?

1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.

2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded target DNA.

3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added.

4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.

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#Question id: 39291

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion: In plant breeding, cytoplasm transfer via somatic hybridization is significantly faster than conventional backcrossing. 

Reason: Protoplast fusion can achieve in one year what typically takes 5–6 years through the backcrossing method.

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#Question id: 39292

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion: Symmetric hybrids allow for the transfer of genes between species that are sexually incompatible. 

Reason: Somatic hybridization bypasses the requirements of pollination and fertilization, enabling fusion between even completely sterile lines like monoploids.

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#Question id: 39293

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion: Cybridization enables the creation of unique organelle combinations that cannot be produced through sexual reproduction. 

Reason: Somatic fusion allows the mitochondria of one species to be combined with the chloroplasts of another, often resulting in recombinant organellar genomes. 

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#Question id: 39294

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion: Somatic hybridization is currently the primary method used for the commercial improvement of all major cereal and pulse crops. 

Reason: Techniques for protoplast isolation, culture, and fusion are not yet readily available for many important cereals and pulses.

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#Question id: 39295

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Assertion: Chromosome elimination in somatic hybrids is a highly predictable process used for precise gene mapping. 

Reason: Genetic instability is a common limitation in somatic hybrids, particularly in wide interfamilial crosses, often resulting in abnormal or sterile plants.

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#Question id: 39296

#Plant Biotechnology

Q. Which parental combination was used to develop high nicotine content in tobacco?