Q. Assertion: GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ contain essentially the same raw nucleotide sequence data. 

Reason: These three databases form the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) and exchange data on a daily basis.

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#Question id: 37964

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): The suppression of 'late' pollen maturation genes is a critical step for successful androgenesis. 

Reason (R): The expression of these 'late' genes promotes the normal gametophytic pathway, preventing the switch to embryogenesis.

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#Question id: 37965

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): During the induction phase of pollen culture, total protein synthesis is completely halted. 

Reason (R): Existing proteins are suppressed, and new proteins like napin (in Brassica napus) are synthesized.

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#Question id: 37966

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): Commitment to androgenesis is achieved primarily by the abolition of pollen maturation gene expression. 

Reason (R): During induction, several hundred genes are upregulated or downregulated to facilitate the developmental switch

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#Question id: 37967

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): Responsive pollen in culture always develops directly into a globular embryo. 

Reason (R): The developmental fate (embryo vs. callus) depends on the plant species.

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#Question id: 37968

#Plant Biotechnology

Assertion (A): In cereals like rice and wheat, the choice between embryo or callus formation can be manipulated. 

Reason (R): Modifying the medium composition in these species can induce either embryos or calli.

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#Question id: 37969

#Plant Biotechnology

Statement I: Cold treatment (3–6°C) helps in retarding the aging of the anther wall, thereby allowing more microspores to switch from gametophytic to sporophytic development.

Statement II: Maize responds best to standard cold treatment temperatures of 3–6°C rather than higher temperatures like 14°C