In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged and demyelination results. How does this disease manifest at the level of the action potential?

 I) Action potentials move in the opposite direction on the axon.

 II) Action potentials move more slowly along the axon.

 III) No action potentials are transmitted.

#Question id: 10506

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that alleviate plant abiotic or biotic stress in soil by releasing of

#Question id: 10507

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Rhizobacteria function as

 a) Nitrogen fixation

 b) depositing pathogens directly into the vascular system,

 c) producing antibiotics and antifungal agents for inhibiting soil pathogens

 d) herbivore sensors by sending electrical or chemical signals to surrounding cells

 Which one of the following combination is correct?

#Question id: 10508

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Glandular trichomes store species-specific secondary metabolites in a pocket formed between the cell wall and the cuticle. These secondary metabolites are-

#Question id: 10509

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

A different type of mechanical obstacle to herbivory is provided by mineral crystals that are present in many plant species, such as silica crystals known as

#Question id: 10510

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Constitutive chemical defenses are effective against many different herbivores, including insects and mammals. Hemlock (Cicuta sp.) produces which toxins that a polyacetylene prolongs the repolarization of neuronal action potentials.

#Question id: 10511

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Which type of pumps inhibits digitoxin in the membranes of heart cells, leading to increased myocardial contraction?