TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8965

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Most protein-encoding genes, the synonymous rate of change is considerably higher than the nonsynonymous rate because synonymous mutations are tolerated by natural selection

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8967

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Nonsynonymous mutations, on the other hand, alter the amino acid sequence of the protein and in many cases are detrimental to the fitness of the organism, so most of these mutations are eliminated by natural selection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2236

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Highest rates of substitutions in regions of the gene that have the least effect on function, such as the third position of a codon, flanking regions, and introns.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2237

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Neutral selection (Ka/Ks = 1)

Positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1)

Purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8968

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8969

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The amount of genetic variation by examining phenotypic variation was difficult because many traits, a complex interaction of many genes and environmental factors determines the phenotype