TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8139

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Three major types of coated vesicles involved in protein trafficking:

1. COPII vesicles

2. COPI vesicles 

3. Clathrin-coated vesicles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10302

#Section 2: General Biology

Positive Costimulatory Receptors: ICOS

ICOS binds to another member of the growing B7 family, ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L), which is also expressed on a subset of activated APCs.

ICOS plays a key role in maintaining the activity of already differentiated effector and memory T cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7928

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Muscle cells have an abundant, modified smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The release and reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum trigger myofibril contraction and relaxation, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8215

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Autophagy can be either

• Nonselective autophagy

• Selective autophagy

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8956

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Mixtures of exons duplicated from genes with different functions can generate new genes with new functions, a process that is called exon shuffling.