Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in 1 mole of 16^O^-2 ions.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Fitness- Average number of offspring produced by a genotype and divide it by the mean number of offspring produced by the most prolific genotype

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Average fitness

In a species, only 1 of every 1000 seeds survives to reproductive age, and that those that survive produce an average of 3000 seeds. 

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#Id: 9181

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

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#Id: 9182

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Selection coefficient

A related variable is the selection coefficient (s), which is the relative intensity of selection against a  genotype

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The selection gradient measures the strength of directional selection acting on a quantitative trait.

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#Id: 9184

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology