Profilin – G-actin nucleotide exchange (ADP to ATP) 

Cofilin – F-actin disassembly

Thymosin B-4 – G-actin monomer sequestering

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Anthocyanin pigments stored in vacuoles

Color the petals of many flowers so as to attract pollinating insects

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Plant vacuole act as

a storage organelle for nutrients and waste products

a degradative compartment

an economical way of increasing cell size

a controller of turgor pressure

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes contain V-class proton pumps that act in concert with Cl- channels to acidify the vesicle lumen.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Lysosome H+ pump are V-type ATPases and has a similar architecture to the F-type ATPases

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

An H+ ATPase in the membrane pumps H+ into the lysosome, maintaining its lumen at an acidic pH.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Most of the lysosome membrane proteins, are highly glycosylated, which helps to protect them from the lysosome proteases