No matter how it is born, a new gene starts its life as a single copy in the population.

As with any new mutation, by far the most likely outcome is that it will be lost by random drift or selection over the next few generations

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8526

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Polyglutamylation and polyglycylation are likely mutually exclusive, so they would not normally occur at the same time & both can enhance microtubule stability,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8525

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Detyrosylated microtubules are more stable, because they are more resistant to depolymerization by kinesin-13 and related proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8524

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Detyrosylation 

tyrosine can be removed by a carboxypeptidase, where it sequentially removes the C-terminal tyrosines from α-tubulin subunits. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8523

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8522

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Lysine acetylation 

ε-amino group of a specific lysine of α-tubulin

Microtubules are stabilized against breakage (centrioles, basal bodies, & primary cilia)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8521

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Lysine acetylation & Detyrosylation are found only on α-tubulin and are absent from β-tubulin.