Nutrient medium is to be heated from 10⁰C to 28⁰C is a single-pass countercurrent shell-and-tube heat exchanger before being pumped into a fed-batch fermenter. Medium passes through the tubes of the exchanger; the shell-side fluid is water which enters with flow rate 3 x 10^4 kg h^- 1 and temperature 60⁰C pre-heated medium is required at a rate of 50 m^3 h^-1. The density, viscosity and heat capacity of the medium are the same as water; the thermal conductivity of the medium is 0.54 Wm^- 1 ⁰C ^- 1. It is proposed to use 30 steel tubes with inner diameter 5 cm; the tubes will be arranged in line. The pipe wall is 5-mm thick; the thermal conductivity of the metal is 50 Wm^- 1 ⁰C^ - 1. The maximum linear shell-side fluid velocity is estimated as 0.15 m s^-1. What tube length is required? ____________

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#Question id: 27275

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

bacterial population, growing in batch culture, increases from 1000 cells to 10,00,000 cells in 5 hours. What is the generation time of the bacteria?

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#Question id: 3958

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Why are adult women genetic mosaics?

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#Question id: 2449

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?

a. anaphase               

 b. metaphase              

c. telophase    

d. prophase                 

e. prometaphase

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#Question id: 1935

#Section 2: General Biology

Evidence for immune surveillance of tumors comes from a substantially increased incidence of certain cancers in patients with:

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#Question id: 1701

#Section 2: General Biology

Which of the following statements is TRUE of superantigens?