Aspartase enzyme is used industrially for manufacture of aspartic acid, a component of low-calorie sweetener. Fumaric acid and ammonia are converted to aspartic acid according to the equation:

 

                                        

Under investigation is a process using aspartase in intact Bacillus cadaveris cells. In the substrate range of interest, the conversion can be described using Michaelis-Menten kinetics with K m 4.0 gl^-1. The substrate solution contains 15% (w/v) ammonium fumarate; enzyme is added in the form of lyophilised cells and the reaction stopped when 85% of the substrate is converted. At 32⁰C vmax for the enzyme is 5.9 g l^-1h^-1 and its half-life is 10.5 d. At 37⁰C Vmax increases to 8.5 g l^{- 1} h^{- I} but the half-life is reduced to 2.3 d. The average downtime between batch reactions is 28 h. calculate the reactor volume required to produce 5000 tonnes of aspartic acid per year

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#Question id: 15490

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Respiratory Quotient is given by

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#Question id: 15491

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

The respiratory coefficient for the reaction    is defined as

   

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#Question id: 15492

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon to biomass carbon. Calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for the following biological reactions:

 Hexadecane: C₁₆H₃₄ + aO₂ + bNH₃ c(C_4.4H_7.3N_0.86O_1.2) + dH₂O + eCO₂

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#Question id: 15493

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon to biomass carbon. Calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for the following biological reactions:

Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆ + aO₂ + bNH₃ c(C_4.4H_7.3N_0.86O_1.2) + dH₂O + eCO₂

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#Question id: 15494

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assuming that cells convert two-thirds (w/w) of the substrate to biomass, the stoichiometric coefficient (1 only) for glucose utilisation for the following reaction is

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#Question id: 15495

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Calculate the degree of reduction for following substrates:

A) Methane

B) Glucose

C) Ethanol