The carotenoid b-carotene, whose structure and absorption spectrum at,

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#Question id: 15466

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Water at 25°C enters an open heating tank at a rate of 10 kg h^-1. Liquid water leaves the tank at 88°C at a rate of 9 kg h^-1; 1 kg h^-1 water vapour is lost from the system through evaporation. At steady state, what is the rate of heat input to the system?

h (liquid water at 25°C = 104.8 kJ kg^-1) 

h (liquid water at 88°C = 368.5 kJ kg^-1) 

h (saturated steam at 88°C = 2656.9 kJ kg^-1)

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#Question id: 15467

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Fumaric acid is produced from Malic acid using Fumarase. Calculate standard heat of reaction for the following transformation:

C₄H₆O₅ → C₄H₄O₄ + H₂O

Given: (Δhc°)malic acid= -1328.8 kJ/gmol 

   (Δhc°)Fumaric acid= -1334.0 kJ/gmol

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#Question id: 15468

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In downstream processing of gluconic acid, concentrated fermentation broth containing 20% (w/w) gluconic acid is cooled in a heat exchanger prior to crystallisation. 2000 kg h^-1 liquid leaving an evaporator at 90°C must be cooled to 6°C. Cooling is achieved by heat exchange with 2700 kg h^-1 water initially at 2°C. The final temperature of the cooling water is 50°C. 

Assume (heat capacity of gluconic acid is 0.35 cal g^-1 °C^-1).

h (liquid water at 90°C = 376.9 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 6°C = 25.2 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 2°C = 8.4 kJ kg^-1 )

h (liquid water at 50°C = 209.3 kJ kg^-1)

h (gluconic acid at 90°C=0)

How much heat is removed to the cooling water?

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#Question id: 15469

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

What is the rate of heat loss from the gluconic acid solution to the surroundings? 

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#Question id: 15470

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In the stoichiometric equation given below identify which one of the following corresponds to oxygen balance:

CwHxOyNz + aO2 + bHgOhNi cCHαO_βN_δ + dCO₂ + eH₂O

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#Question id: 15471

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Which one of the following need NOT be conserved in a biochemical reaction?