The function of light is to excite a specialized chlorophyll in the reaction centre either by Direct absorption or more frequently, via energy transfer from an antenna pigment, This excitation process can be envisioned as

a.) An electron from the lowest-energy filled orbital of the chlorophyll to the highest-energy unfilled orbital

b.) An electron in the upper orbital is only tightly bound to the chlorophyll and is difficult to fetch the electron nearby molecules

c.)  The electron in the upper orbital is only loosely bound to the chlorophyll and is easily lost if a molecule that can accept the electron is nearby

d.) The promotion of an electron from the highest-energy filled orbital of the chlorophyll to the lowest-energy unfilled orbital

Which combination is CORRECT?

#Question id: 11797

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

A living cytoplasmic connection penetrate the walls between sieve tube elements and their companion cells; which are often complex and branched on the companion cell side, known as

#Question id: 11798

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Companion cells transport of photosynthetic products from producing cells in mature leaves to the sieve elements in the minor veins of the leaf. There are at least three different types of companion cells in the minor veins of mature, exporting leaves, All three cell types have dense cytoplasm and abundant mitochondria;

#Question id: 11799

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Companion cells in minor veins of mature leaves. All three cell types have dense cytoplasm and abundant mitochondria, there are three types companion cells  present in column A while its characteristics given in column B;

             COLUMN A                                                             COLUMN B

A) Ordinary companion cells              i) appear well suited for taking up solutes via cytoplasmic connections numerous plasmodesmata connecting them to bundle sheath cells. Its having numerous small vacuoles, as well as poorly developed thylakoids.

B) Transfer cells                                    ii) have chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoids     and a cell wall with a smooth inner surface. The number of plasmodesmata connecting ordinary companion cells to surrounding cells.

C) Intermediary cells                          iii) the development of fingerlike wall in growths, particularly on the cell Walls. These wall ingrowths greatly increase the surface area of the transfer cell’s  plasma membrane, few plasmodesmata connect this type of companion cell to any of the surrounding cells except its own sieve element.

Which of the following correct combination;

#Question id: 11800

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

There are at least three different types of companion cells in the minor veins of mature, exporting leaves. Which of the following statements about these companion cells is CORRECT?

 a.) transfer cells are transport sugars enter the apoplast during the movement of sugars from mesophyll cells to sieve elements. Transfer cells transport sugars from the apoplast to the symplast of the sieve elements and companion cells in the source.

 b.) the numerous mitochondria in companion cells may supply energy as ATP to the sieve elements

 c.) Ordinary companion cells can function in either symplastic or apoplastic short-distance transport in source leaves, depending in part on plasmodesmatal frequencies

 d.) Intermediary cells, by contrast, function in symplastic transport of sugars from mesophyll cells to sieve elements

#Question id: 11801

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Which one of the following compound most commonly transported in sieve elements of the phloem?

#Question id: 11802

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Damaged sieve elements are sealed off, but because of the processs that plug sieve plates pores, excuded phloem sap from wounds that sever sieve elements. Exudation of sap enhanced by the inclusion of;