When an allele at one locus spreads by natural selection acting on a second locus knows as

#Question id: 14192

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a two-stage chemostat system, the volumes of the first and second reactors are V₁ = 500 l and V₂ = 300 l, respectively. The first reactor is used for biomass production and the second is for a secondary metabolite formation. The feed flow rate to the first reactor is F = 100 l/h, and the glucose concentration in the feed is S = 5.0 g/l. Use the following constants for the cells.

Determine cell concentration in the effluent of the first stage.

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#Question id: 14193

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a two-stage chemostat system, the volumes of the first and second reactors are V₁ = 500 l and V₂ = 300 l, respectively. The first reactor is used for biomass production and the second is for a secondary metabolite formation. The feed flow rate to the first reactor is F = 100 l/h, and the glucose concentration in the feed is S = 5.0 g/l. Use the following constants for the cells.

Determine glucose concentration in the effluent of the first stage. _____________________

#Question id: 14194

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Penicillin is produced by P. chrysogenum in a fed-batch culture with the intermittent addition of glucose solution to the culture medium. The initial culture volume at quasi-steady state is V₀ = 500 l, and glucose-containing nutrient solution is added with a flow rate of F = 50 l/h. Glucose concentration in the feed solution and initial cell concentration are S₀ = 300 g/l and X₀ = 20 g/l, respectively. The kinetic and yield coefficients of the organism are mm = 0.2 h^-1 , K_S = 0.5 g/l, and Y_X/S = 0.3 g dw/g glucose. Determine the culture volume at t = 10 h

#Question id: 14195

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Penicillin is produced by P. chrysogenum in a fed-batch culture with the intermittent addition of glucose solution to the culture medium. The initial culture volume at quasi-steady state is V₀ = 500 l, and glucose-containing nutrient solution is added with a flow rate of F = 50 l/h. Glucose concentration in the feed solution and initial cell concentration are S₀ = 300 g/l and X₀ = 20 g/l, respectively. The kinetic and yield coefficients of the organism are mm = 0.2 h^-1 , K_S = 0.5 g/l, and Y_X/S = 0.3 g dw/g glucose. Determine the concentration of glucose at t = 10 h at quasi-steady state

#Question id: 14196

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A fluidized-bed, immobilized-cell bioreactor is used for the conversion of glucose to ethanol by Z. mobilis cells immobilized in k-carrageenan gel beads. The dimensions of the bed are 10 cm (diameter) by 200 cm. Since the reactor is fed from the bottom of the column and because of CO₂ gas evolution, substrate and cell concentrations decrease with the height of the column. The average cell concentration at the bottom of the column is X₀ = 45 g/l, and the average cell concentration decreases with the column height according to the following equation:

where Z is the column height (cm). The specific rate of substrate consumption is q_S = 2 g S/g cells. h. The feed flow rate and glucose concentration in the feed are 5 l/h and 160 g glucose/l, respectively.

Determine the substrate (glucose) concentration in the effluent

#Question id: 14197

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology