What would be the effect on the PCR reaction if any of the following circumstances arose: 1) there are no primers in the reaction, 2) there are no dNTPs in the reaction, 3) there is no Taq polymerase in the reaction?

#Question id: 14315

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Anaerobic digestion of volatile acids by methane bacteria is represented by the equation:

The composition of methane bacteria is approximated by the empirical formula CH_1.4O_o.40N_0.20. For each kg acetic acid consumed, 0.67 kg CO ₂ is evolved. How does the yield of methane under these conditions compare with the maximum possible yield?

#Question id: 14316

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Cellulomonas bacteria used as single-cell protein for human or animal food are produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. All carbon in the substrate is converted into biomass; ammonia is used as nitrogen source. The molecular formula for the biomass is CH_I.560_0.54N_0.16; the cells also contain 5% ash. How does the yield of biomass from substrate in mass and molar terms compare with the maximum possible biomass yield?

#Question id: 14317

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

system for manufacture of single-cell protein is Methylophilus methylotrophus. This organism is produced aerobically from methanol with ammonia as nitrogen source. The molecular formula for the biomass is CH _1.680_0.36N_0.22; these cells contain 6% ash. What is the maximum possible biomass yield from methanol?

#Question id: 14318

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

system for manufacture of single-cell protein is Methylophilus methylotrophus. This organism is produced aerobically from methanol with ammonia as nitrogen source. The molecular formula for the biomass is CH _1.680_0.36N_0.22; these cells contain 6% ash. If the actual yield of biomass from methanol is 42% the thermodynamic maximum, what is the oxygen demand?

#Question id: 14319

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Both Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Zymomonas mobilis bacteria produce ethanol from glucose under anaerobic conditions without external electron acceptors. The biomass yield from glucose is 0.11 g g^-1 for yeast and 0.05 g g^-I for Z. mobilis. In both cases the nitrogen source is NH₃. Both cell compositions are represented by the formula CH_1.80_0.5N_0.2. What is the yield of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast?