Fumaric acid is produced from Malic acid using Fumarase. Calculate standard heat of reaction for the following transformation:

C₄H₆O₅ → C₄H₄O₄ + H₂O

Given: (Δhc°)malic acid= -1328.8 kJ/gmol 

   (Δhc°)Fumaric acid= -1334.0 kJ/gmol

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#Question id: 15490

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Respiratory Quotient is given by

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#Question id: 15491

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

The respiratory coefficient for the reaction    is defined as

   

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#Question id: 15492

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon to biomass carbon. Calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for the following biological reactions:

 Hexadecane: C₁₆H₃₄ + aO₂ + bNH₃ c(C_4.4H_7.3N_0.86O_1.2) + dH₂O + eCO₂

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#Question id: 15493

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assume that experimental measurements for a certain organism have shown that cells can convert two-thirds (wt/wt) of the substrate carbon to biomass carbon. Calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for the following biological reactions:

Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆ + aO₂ + bNH₃ c(C_4.4H_7.3N_0.86O_1.2) + dH₂O + eCO₂

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#Question id: 15494

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Assuming that cells convert two-thirds (w/w) of the substrate to biomass, the stoichiometric coefficient (1 only) for glucose utilisation for the following reaction is

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#Question id: 15495

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Calculate the degree of reduction for following substrates:

A) Methane

B) Glucose

C) Ethanol