Desert hedgehog protein is found in the Sertoli cells of the testes

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Saponins are steroid and triterpene glycosides, it has soap like properties.  

The toxicity of saponins is thought to be a result of their ability to form complexes with sterols. Saponins may interfere with sterol uptake from the digestive system or disrupt cell membranes after being absorbed into the bloodstream.

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Phenolic compounds

Flavonoids may protect against damage by ultraviolet Light

Isoflavonoids have antimicrobial activity

Isoflavonoids are found mostly in legumes such as the rotenoids, have strong insecticidal actions; others have anti-estrogenic effects. 

For example, sheep grazing on clover rich in isoflavonoids often suffer from infertility

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phytoalexins, antimicrobial compounds synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal infection that help limit the spread of the invading pathogen.

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Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay

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Nitrogen - containing compounds

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