Constitutive defenses are costly to the plant. The production of secondary metabolites requires a significant energy investment derived from primary metabolism, which is then unavailable for use in growth and reproduction.

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R-factor 

In mammalian cells - cyclin D 

In yeast - Cln3

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cyclin-CDK complexes preferentially phosphorylate

serine and threonine residues when they are found within the consensus sequence:

[S/T]PX[R/K]K 

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G1 Cyclin–CDKs

In human - cyclin D-CDK 4 

cyclin D-CDK 6

In budding yeast - CIn 3-Cdc 28 

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G1/S Cyclin–CDKs

In human - cyclin E-CDK 2 

In budding yeast - CIn 1/2-Cdc 28

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S phase Cyclin–CDKs

In human - cyclin A-CDK 2 

In budding yeast - CIb 5/6-Cdc 28