Sporophylls and Spore Variations

Sporophylls produce clusters of sporangia known as “sori”

Groups of sporophylls form cone-like structures called “strobili” 

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Gαi activate α2-Adrenergic receptor

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Positive and negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity-

Gαs-coupled receptors

Gαi-coupled receptors

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Activated PKA enhances the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.

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GS, GPK, and GP are counteracted by a phosphatase called phosphoprotein phosphatase.

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Suppressor of cAMP/PKA signalling Pathway- cAMP PDE (hydrolyze cAMP to 5′-AMP)