Sclerenchyma cells

Intercellular Space absen

The secondary cell wall, produced after cell elongation has ceased, is thick and contains large amounts of lignin

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#XL - T Zoology

Van Valen law - he found a surprising result: rather straight curves, implying that the probability of extinction is roughly constant.

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#XL - T Zoology

Ockham’s principle - Principle of parsimony 

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The Forces of Evolution

mutation, 

genetic drift

gene flow or migration

selection.

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#XL - T Zoology

Emergence of evolutionary thoughts

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#XL - T Zoology

Evolution

Evolution means descent with modification, or change in the form, physiology, and behavior of organisms over many generations of time.