TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10800

#XL - R Botany

Essential oils have well-known insect repellent properties.

Essential oils can be extracted from plants by steam distillation and are important commercially in flavoring foods and making perfumes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10801

#XL - R Botany

The nonvolatile terpene antiherbivore compounds are the limonoids, a group of triterpenes (C30) well known as bitter substances in citrus fruit.

The most powerful deterrent to insect feeding known is azadirachtin

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10802

#XL - R Botany

Saponins are steroid and triterpene glycosides, it has soap like properties.  

The toxicity of saponins is thought to be a result of their ability to form complexes with sterols. Saponins may interfere with sterol uptake from the digestive system or disrupt cell membranes after being absorbed into the bloodstream.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10803

#XL - R Botany

Phenolic compounds

Flavonoids may protect against damage by ultraviolet Light

Isoflavonoids have antimicrobial activity

Isoflavonoids are found mostly in legumes such as the rotenoids, have strong insecticidal actions; others have anti-estrogenic effects. 

For example, sheep grazing on clover rich in isoflavonoids often suffer from infertility

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10804

#XL - R Botany

phytoalexins, antimicrobial compounds synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal infection that help limit the spread of the invading pathogen.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10805

#XL - R Botany

Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay