The overall probability of RNase A re-forming its four native disulfide links at random is-

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9099

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9952

#XL - T Zoology

Immune Response Generated against Schistosoma mansoni

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9345

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β activation

By cytoskeletal force transmitted by integrins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7748

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Zeff=Z –S

Chlorine would have a Z value of 17 (the atomic number of Chlorine). Continuing to use Chlorine as an example, the 10 inner electrons (S) would screen out the positive charge of ten protons. Therefore there would be and effective nuclear charge of 17-10 or +7.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9414

#XL - T Zoology