There are four known forces that are involved in evolution:

1)mutation,

2) genetic drift

3) gene flow or migration

4) selection.

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#XL - T Zoology

Average fitness

In a species, only 1 of every 1000 seeds survives to reproductive age, and that those that survive produce an average of 3000 seeds.

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#XL - R Botany

Many plants release a specific bouquet of volatile organic compounds when attacked by insect herbivores. These volatiles can consist of compounds from all major pathways for secondary metabolites including terpenoids (mono- and sesquiterpenes), alkaloids (indole), and phenylpropanes (methyl salicylate), as well as green-leaf volatiles. 

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#XL - R Botany

APC/C core is organized into three modules: 

1. a scaffold module 

2. a catalytic module

3. a substrate recognition module

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#XL - R Botany

Many insect pest species also transmit viruses. The sapsucking species are effective virus vectors, delivering virus particles directly into the vascular tissue, thereby permitting their rapid dissemination throughout the plant

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#XL - T Zoology

Polyandrous

In polyandrous mating systems, one female mates with many males.

Honeybees are polyandrous because the queen often mates with multiple males.