In the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps), Females develop from the queen’s fertilized eggs and are diploid. Males develop from the queen’s unfertilized eggs and are haploid—their sperm are genetically identical

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#XL - T Zoology

Switching mechanism of monomeric G proteins 

“Off” state, Removal of the γ phosphate by GTPase-catalyzed hydrolysis causes switch I and switch II to relax into a different conformation

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Soluble ER-resident proteins contain C-terminal KDEL sorting signal that allows them to be retrieved. 

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diisopropylphosphofluoridate, reacts with a serine OH group in the active site of esterases such as acetylcholinesterase/chymotrypsin, whilst the organomercury compound p-hydroxymercuribenzoate reacts with a cysteine group, in both cases resulting in covalent bond formation and enzyme inhibition.

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

A second NPF is a large protein complex called WAVE

and requires small GTP-binding protein Rac1.