Home range

A home range is an area of land where animals live which is not actively  defended, and animals of the same species move around freely.

1. Home ranges are also usually much larger than a territory.

2. Home range is  overlapping in a time or space

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Homosporous and Heterosporous

Homosporous develops into a bisexual gametophyte example; ferns

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Heterosporous two types of sporophylls, called- 

megasporophylls-  spores that develop into Female gametophytes

microsporophylls-  spores that develop into Male gametophytes

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Modes of reproduction

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Gametophyte 

Spores germinate to give small but multicellular, free living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called “Prothallus”

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When gametophytes are retained within original spore case “Endosporic”

eg:  Selaginella, Isoetes, Marsilea

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When gametophytes grow upon the soil and form independent plants “Exosporic”

eg: Psilotum, Pteris, Lycopodium