If individuals in one patch go extinct, other individuals in other patches survive, and they supply individuals

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to cesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7

#Id: 7755

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used.

#Id: 7754

#XL - Q Biochemistry

#Id: 7753

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Electron affinity: The enthalpy change that results from adding an electron to a gaseous atom.

Electron affinity is becoming less negative (less exothermic) and less likely to gain an electron. 

#Id: 7751

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Ranks the following in increasing atomic radius

S, Mg, Al

S: 16-10 +6

Mg: 12-10 = +2

Al: 13-10 +3

So: S < AlMg

#Id: 7750

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The greater the effective nuclear charge the more tightly an electron is held in by the nucleus because there is less electron shield between the valence electrons and the nucleus, and so, the smaller the radius.