The noble gases are left out of the trends in atomic radii because there is great debate over the experimental values of their atomic radii.

The SI units for measuring atomic radii are the nanometer (nm) and the picometer (pm). 1 nm = 1 X 109 m; 1 pm = 1 X 10-12 m.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10320

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The tumor cells may acquire additional oncogenic mutations that allow them to escape the immune system.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10321

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The tumor down regulates the expression of class I MHC proteins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10322

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Sometimes the tumor cells up-regulate the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like BCL-2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10323

#XL - Q Biochemistry

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10324

#XL - Q Biochemistry

PD-1 has a structure similar to CTLA-4 and when activated negatively regulates T-cell function by inducing apoptosis of activated T cells. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10325

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Monoclonal Antibodies Against Immune Checkpoint Molecules to Treat Cancers