The noble gases are left out of the trends in atomic radii because there is great debate over the experimental values of their atomic radii.

The SI units for measuring atomic radii are the nanometer (nm) and the picometer (pm). 1 nm = 1 X 109 m; 1 pm = 1 X 10-12 m.

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Life Cycle of bryophytes will not complete in the absence of water, thus they are called as the “Amphibians of the plant kingdom”

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Dehiscence of mature antheridia.

Liberation of antherozoids from antheridia.

Helps in transport of antherozoids

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III.Vascular plants  (pteridophyta)

Vascular cryptogam

Sporophyte- Dominating phase

Vascular tissue makes its appearance