The noble gases are left out of the trends in atomic radii because there is great debate over the experimental values of their atomic radii.

The SI units for measuring atomic radii are the nanometer (nm) and the picometer (pm). 1 nm = 1 X 109 m; 1 pm = 1 X 10-12 m.

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Isomers that have opposite configurations at one or more of the chiral centers but that are not mirror images of each other are called diastereomers

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Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers

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For monosaccharides with two or more asymmetric carbons, the prefix d or l refers to the configuration of the highest numbered asymmetric carbon (the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl carbon).

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A carbon atom with four different substituents is said to be asymmetric, and asymmetric carbons are called chiral centers

Chiral carbon most distant from the carbonyl carbon has the same configuration as the chiral carbon in D-glyceraldehyde.

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#XL - T Zoology

Aldoses with at least three carbons and ketoses with at least four carbons contain chiral centers