Vertebrate mtDNAs encode 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. 

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#Id: 7895

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Vertebrate mtDNAs encode 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4691

#XL - T Zoology

Some cells carry a cheater mutation that makes spores but that avoids contributing to the stalk.

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#Id: 4692

#XL - T Zoology

Reciprocity

When one individual provides a fitness benefit to another, as long as the second individual is likely to return the favor later.

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#Id: 4693

#XL - T Zoology

Altruism

Altruistic acts serve to benefit the individual’s close relatives, or kin. They enhance the fitness of other individuals—their offspring—at a cost to themselves.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4694

#XL - T Zoology

An individual carrying the allele can pass copies of it to his or her own children. This is the allele’s direct fitness. The allele can also pass extra copies of itself to the next generation as the result of the increased fitness of relatives that benefit from the altruistic individual’s actions. This is the allele’s indirect fitness. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4695

#XL - T Zoology

Allele’s inclusive fitness = Direct fitness + Indirect fitness

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4696

#XL - T Zoology

Hamilton’s rule