Fecundity - The number of offspring produced by an organism per reproductive episode. 

Parity - The number of reproductive episodes an organism experiences. 

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#XL - T Zoology

Populational change is Darwin’s hypothesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions (frequencies) of different variant kinds of individuals within a population.

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Natural selection was Darwin’s brilliant hypothesis, independently conceived by Wallace, that accounts for adaptations, features that appear “designed” to fit organisms to their environment.

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 Orthogenesis- “Straight-line evolution,” held that the variation that arises is directed toward fixed goals.

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Mutationist- Theories were advanced by some geneticists who observed that discretely different new phenotypes can arise by a process of mutation.

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Ronald A. Fisher, John B. S. Haldane and Sewall Wright- which showed that mutation and natural selection together cause adaptive evolution.

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#XL - T Zoology

 Neutral theory of molecular evolution- Developed by Motoo Kimura, who argued that most of the evolution of DNA sequences occurs by chance (genetic drift) rather than by natural selection.