Absorption of light causes rapid photoisomerization of the bound cis-retinal to the all-trans isomer, triggering a conformational change in opsin that activate the Gαt.

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The mitotic CDKs phosphorylate specific nucleoporins, which causes nuclear pore complexes to dissociate during prophase. 

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A key function of mitotic CDKs, together with other protein kinases and ubiquitin-protein ligases, is to induce the formation of the mitotic spindle, also known as the mitotic apparatus.

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Centrosomes contain γ tubulin, which forms specific ringlike complexes (γ TuRCs) that, have the ability to nucleate microtubules and form a bipolar spindle

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Mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes via specialized protein structures known as kinetochores

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Kinetochores assemble on regions of chromosomal DNA marked by a centromere-specific H3 histone variant called CENP-A.