TGF-β is synthesized with a, 

250-residue N-terminal prodomain

∼110-residue C-terminal TGF-β domain

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9530

#XL - R Botany

Many insect pest species also transmit viruses. The sapsucking species are effective virus vectors, delivering virus particles directly into the vascular tissue, thereby permitting their rapid dissemination throughout the plant

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#Id: 9532

#XL - R Botany

Pathogen genome sequencing (NGS & GBS) enables definition of the complete repertoire of predicted genes for a plant pathogenic species

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#Id: 9533

#XL - R Botany

Genomes of many plant pathogenic bacteria are target to search a cluster of genes that encode the type 3 secretion system (T3SS)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9721

#XL - R Botany

Plant immunity involves

Anatomical/Mechanical Barriers & Constitutive Immunity

Inducible Défense

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#Id: 9722

#XL - R Botany

Thorns are modified branches, as in citrus and acacia; spines

are modified leaves

Prickles are derived mainly from the epidermis and thus can be easily snapped off the stem, protect plants from larger herbivores

Trichomes, or hairs, provide a much more effective defense against insect pests

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#Id: 9723

#XL - R Botany

Trichomes of nettles (Urtica dioica) have “cocktail” of secondary metabolites that can cause severe irritation of the skin of animals.