Bateman’s principle

In most cases, it is the male’s secondary sexual traits that are exaggerated.

This shows that sexual selection is more common and intense on males than females

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Bergmann’s rule: Populations in colder climates tend to have greater body mass than those in warmer climates.

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Haldane’s rule: Hybrid sterility or hybrid inviability is often limited to the heterogametic sex. 

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Hamilton’s rule:  It states that an allele that causes an altruistic behavior will spread if the following condition is met (rb>C)

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Cope’s rule:  A proposed generalization that individual body size in animals tends to increase during evolution.

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Hitchhiking: Change in the frequency of an allele due to linkage with a selected allele at another locus.

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Dollo’s law:  A biological generalization positing that complex characters, once lost in evolution, are extremely unlikely to reappear and thus the loss of complex characters is virtually always irreversible.