Necrotrophs are Opportunistic, unspecialised (‘non-obligate’) pathogens and Host cells killed rapidly

Entry unspecialised via wounds or natural openings

Secrete copious cell-wall-degrading (lytic) enzymes and toxins

Appressoria/haustoria not normally produced

Wide host range

Easy to culture axenically

Survive as competitive saprotrophs

Controlled by jasmonate- and ethylene-dependent host-defence pathways

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5498

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5499

#XL - T Zoology

Grime’s triangle is an alternative to r and K Selection by by Philips grime

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5500

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5501

#XL - T Zoology

Ruderals - Ruderals are adapted to take advantage of habitat disturbance, (High disturbance,  low competition,  low stress tolerance)

Ex - Insect , annual species

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5502

#XL - T Zoology

Competitors – Competitors are adapted to live in highly competitive

Many tree species, large vertebrate carnivores and herbivores in forests or grasslands.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5503

#XL - T Zoology

Stress tolerators can survive and reproduce under extreme environmental conditions, such as very low water availability, very cold temperatures, or high salt concentrations.

Ex - Lichen, Mangrove plant, cacti, Deserts animal.