Active Ras⋅GTP binds to the N-terminal autoinhibitory domain of Raf, altering its conformation and allowing the phosphate attached to this domain to be removed by cytosolic phosphatases, causing loss of 14-3-3 binding.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9277

#XL - S Microbiology

Nod factor is b-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine backbone

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9278

#XL - S Microbiology

Type III/Type IV secretion systems play a major role in transfer of bacterial Nod factor in plant cell. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9279

#XL - S Microbiology

The binding of Nod factors to the Nod factor receptors (NFRs), which contain extracellular LysM motifs, initiates an interaction with the conserved SYMRK receptor-like kinases containing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9280

#XL - S Microbiology

The interaction between NFR and SYMRK initiates calcium spiking in the nucleus, presumably via a second messenger molecule.

Core symbiotic genes are activated.

Cytokinin signaling is initiated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9281

#XL - S Microbiology

Root hair cellular responses to bacterial Nod factor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9282

#XL - S Microbiology

Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD